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Showing posts from June, 2025

Cyber Security : A New Principle of Corporate Governance

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Introduction  India’s digital growth is moving super-fast these days. You can see it everywhere – UPI payments on every phone, startups popping up, and businesses shifting online. Recent government data shows India crossed 1.03 billion internet users by end- 2025, with UPI hitting a record 21.63 billion transactions in December 2025. But this boom brings serious dangers. Cybersecurity is no longer just an IT job – it has become a core part of company governance. The threats are real .  According to CERT-In, over 29.44 lakh cyber incidents were handled in 2025. Cyber fraud losses crossed ₹20,000 crore, and the average data breach costs companies around ₹22 crore. It’s surprising that India holds Tier 1 “Role Model” status in the ITU Global Cybersecurity Index 2024, yet we remain one of the top targets for ransomware in Asia-Pacific. The government is responding. In the Union Budget 2025-26, it allocated ₹782 crore for cybersecurity to strengthen digital defences. Why Cybersecur...

CRYPTOCURRENCY || AFIFA AHMED

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* AI-Generated Image                        Cryptocurrencies represent the initial alternative to the conventional banking system. Cryptocurrency is a digital money that doesn’t require a bank or financial institution to verify transactions and can be used for purchases or as an investment. This form of digital or virtual currency is protected by cryptographic methods, rendering it almost impossible to forge or spend twice. In contrast to traditional money, cryptocurrencies function on decentralized networks supported by blockchain technology, a shared ledger overseen by a network of computers . Blockchain technology is a decentralized digital ledger that securely records transactions across multiple computers. A user initiates a transaction, which is validated by network nodes through consensus algorithms before being compiled into a block. Each block is linked to the previous one using cryptographic hashes, making the transac...

UNDERSTANDING ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA || JAY NAYAN MOPUR

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          ...